Fragrance is an immensely important criterion in the assessment of rice quality and is known to be controlled by loss-function of the Badh2 gene. In this study, a collection of 182 Vietnamese rice landrace varieties was screened for fragrance using a sensory test with KOH 1N and genotyped for three major mutation types of the Badh2 gene using functional markers. A total of 18 fragrant varieties were identified, and 13 of them were confirmed by the presence of 8-bp deletion mutation in exon 7 and/or 803-bp deletion mutation between exons 4 and 5 of the Badh2 gene. No any rice varieties were determined to possess 7-bp deletion mutation in exon 2. Interestingly, the two detected mutation types of Badh2 gene were present in some non-fragrant rice varieties, and absent in certain fragrant ones. These findings suggest the existence of new mutations in the Badh2 gene among the Vietnamese rice landraces besides the three mutations screened. The results verify that two markers badh2-E7 and FMbadh2-E4-5 can be used in marker assisted selection (MAS) program.